Rig is the main Equipment used for drilling work, modification and maintenance of oil and gas wells both on land (onshore) and at sea (off shore). The main equipment tower rig is made of a steel structure that is used to lower the ascending pipes and cubing casing into the well. Generally, rig categorized into two kinds according to which it operates:
Onshore (land-rig): operates on land.
Rig sea (offshore-rig): operates on the surface of the water (sea, rivers, swamps, lakes or river delta).
There are various offshore-rig are classified based on the depth of water:
1. Swamp barge: Only able to operate a maximum water depth of 7 meters. It is suitable for use in a swamp or river delta.
2. Tender barge: has the ability to operate in deeper water than the swamp barge.
3. jack up rig: shaped like a platform that can be moved with the boat and pulled tag has legs that can be adjusted according to the water depth to be drilled. The rig is capable of operating at depths of up to 200 m.
4. Drilling jacket: steel structure platforms, generally small and suitable for use in calm seas and shallow. Often combined with a jack up rig or tender barge.
5. Semi-submersible rigs (semis) is a rig that is easy to move the car and capable of operating in the waters. Because the character is very stable, it is also popular rig is used in large choppy sea areas and climates bad.
6. Drill ship: rigs and ships are combined into one, so as to reach areas and deep water offshore. To maintain a stable position of the rig so that the waves, then controlled by the thruster system controlled by computer.
1. Hoisting system: is the structure of RIG which has its main functions lifting, lowering and raising the drilling pipe (casing pipe), pipe production (cubing pipe), completion equipment (packer, brisk plug, submersible pumps and other accessories) entry - exit well. Tower rig (mast or derrick) is included in this system.
2. Rotary system: structure of RIG which has its main function as a driving force to rotate the pipes in the well. In conventional drilling, drilling pipe (drill strings) twist drill (drill bits) to dig wells.
3. Circulation system: to circulate the drilling fluid out of the well and keep the mud as desired properties and separating solid particles that come up for logging needs. The circulatory system consists of two parts, namely circulation and keep the weight and pressure of the mud that will be passed back to remove solid particles of used drilling. Circulation drilling system has two means of (1) high-pressure pump (high pressure circulation pump) to pump mud out - the well and pump low pressure (low pressure circulation pump) to circulate on the surface, (2) equipment for sludge conditioning: shale shaker serves to separate solid drilling results (cutting) of mud; deSander to separate the sand; degasser to remove the gas, desiter to separate solid particles of small size, etc.
4. Blowout prevention system: This system has equipment that serves to prevent blow out (the explosion of the well at the surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is the BOP (Blow Out Preventer) which is composed of a variety of valves (valve) and installed at the wellhead (wellhead).
5. Power system: that is the source of power to drive all over the system and also to supply electricity. As an energy source, usually used large capacity diesel engine generator.
Onshore (land-rig): operates on land.
Rig sea (offshore-rig): operates on the surface of the water (sea, rivers, swamps, lakes or river delta).
There are various offshore-rig are classified based on the depth of water:
1. Swamp barge: Only able to operate a maximum water depth of 7 meters. It is suitable for use in a swamp or river delta.
2. Tender barge: has the ability to operate in deeper water than the swamp barge.
3. jack up rig: shaped like a platform that can be moved with the boat and pulled tag has legs that can be adjusted according to the water depth to be drilled. The rig is capable of operating at depths of up to 200 m.
4. Drilling jacket: steel structure platforms, generally small and suitable for use in calm seas and shallow. Often combined with a jack up rig or tender barge.
5. Semi-submersible rigs (semis) is a rig that is easy to move the car and capable of operating in the waters. Because the character is very stable, it is also popular rig is used in large choppy sea areas and climates bad.
6. Drill ship: rigs and ships are combined into one, so as to reach areas and deep water offshore. To maintain a stable position of the rig so that the waves, then controlled by the thruster system controlled by computer.
RIG is a complex device that has a component that serves each - each to support each other in the drilling process is safe from the risk of failure of such blow-out, broken pipes and other other.
2. Rotary system: structure of RIG which has its main function as a driving force to rotate the pipes in the well. In conventional drilling, drilling pipe (drill strings) twist drill (drill bits) to dig wells.
3. Circulation system: to circulate the drilling fluid out of the well and keep the mud as desired properties and separating solid particles that come up for logging needs. The circulatory system consists of two parts, namely circulation and keep the weight and pressure of the mud that will be passed back to remove solid particles of used drilling. Circulation drilling system has two means of (1) high-pressure pump (high pressure circulation pump) to pump mud out - the well and pump low pressure (low pressure circulation pump) to circulate on the surface, (2) equipment for sludge conditioning: shale shaker serves to separate solid drilling results (cutting) of mud; deSander to separate the sand; degasser to remove the gas, desiter to separate solid particles of small size, etc.
4. Blowout prevention system: This system has equipment that serves to prevent blow out (the explosion of the well at the surface due to the high pressure of the well). The main one is the BOP (Blow Out Preventer) which is composed of a variety of valves (valve) and installed at the wellhead (wellhead).
5. Power system: that is the source of power to drive all over the system and also to supply electricity. As an energy source, usually used large capacity diesel engine generator.
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